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Series: Referendum against the Young plan 1929

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Referendum against the Young plan 1929

Young Plan 1929, Referendum against the Young Plan, Reparations

From left: the deputy of Hitler, Rudolf Hess, the head of the SA Franz von Pfeffer and Adolf Hitler during a speech of Privy Councilor Alfred Hugenberg in the Munich Circus Krone. Occasion of this speech was the referendum against the adoption of the Young Plan to regulate the reparations debt. The "Reichsausschuss fuer den Volksbegehren" (Reich Committe for Referendum), in which all the anti-Republican parties, including the NSDAP, are represented, becomes a springboard to Adolf Hitler into the great politics.

Protest rally against the Young Plan, 1929

Protest rally of the National Socialists against the adoption of the Young Plan.

Stresemann's legacy, 1929

Writing about the Young Plan, the "war guilt lies" and the planned referendum. It has been written after the call of the Reich Committee of the German People's Party and after the speech of Gustav Stresemann on the political situation. It was reprinted in newspapers, since Hugenberg, who has been the chairman of the German Nationals since 1928, is the owner of a large press and broadcasting corporation.

Caricature of the reparation payment plan, 1929

The front page of the New York Times shows the German Michel, who has hung his sword and his spiked helmet on the wall, while signing the reparations payment plan. The German Reich would have had to make payments to the victorious powers of the First World War until 1987.

Protests against the Young Plan, 1930

Right-wing parties and associations, including the NSDAP, are mobilizing against the payment plan of US economic expert Owen Young. They demand a plebiscite against the adoption of this plan. On banners in the front row stands "Destroy the Devilish Young Plan" and "Out to the referendum"

Draft bill against the reparation payments, 1929

Politicians of the anti-Republican parties, including the NSDAP, are setting up a "Freedom Act" against the adoption of the reparation plan. This is also to disqualify the democratic parties morally and politically. The photograph shows the enrollment list and the draft bill.

Announcement of a referendum, 1929

In the newspapers Deutscher Reichsanzeiger and Preussischer Staatsanzeiger, is an announcement regarding the referendum on the rejection of the Young Plan and the reparation payment. In order to win as many initiators as possible, the "war debt lie" should als be brought down.

Reich Committee for the German Referendum, 1929

Propaganda for the plebiscite against the Young plan, 1929

Propaganda procession for the plebiscite against the Young plan, an international treaty to regulate the German reparations. Several men carrying placards with the appeal, to vote with yes at the referendum. The plebiscite against the Young Pan on 12.22.1929 brought to the fathers of the "Liberty Law" a lamentable result. Instead of the required 21 million votes only 5.8 million votes were reached, not more than the German Nationalists, the NSDAP and the Voelkische National Block obtained together in 1928.

Demonstration of the 'Stahlhelm' against the Young Plan, 1929 (b/w photo)

The right-wing parties and also the Stahlhelm (League of Frontline Soldiers), participated considerably in demonstrations against the Young Plan which was an international agreement for the regulation of the German reparation payment obligations,

Protest event of the NSDAP in the Sportpalast in Berlin, 1929

The Nazis campaign against the Young Plan during a large protest. There are several banners on the stands, with the inscriptions: "Do you want the end of the Dawesfron, give ammunition to attack", "Dawes has only disfranchised us - Young also enslaves our cattle" and "Germany awake".

Propaganda poster against the Young Plan, 1929

Propaganda poster against the Young Plan, the NSDAP and DNVP call for a referendum to prevent the Young Plan. Inscription: 'Until the third generation you have to indulge!'

SS-Leibgarde during a speech of Goebbels, 1929

Joseph Goebbels gave a speech at a protest meeting against the Young Plan, during the event he was protected by his SS bodyguard.

Poster for the referendum against the Young-plan, 1929

A poster in Berlin calls for the people to vote against the Young Plan in a referendum. This plan regulated the payment of reparations to the victorious powers of the First World War.

Session of the reparations commission, 1929

Last session of the reparations commission. During this session the representatives of the expert commission were nominated under the chair of American economist Owen D. Young.

Owen Young and Charles Dawes, 1929

Owen Young (left) and Charles G. Dawes (right) in Geneva, where it was stipulated at the meeting of the League of Nations, the Young plan that should regulate the German reparations.

Session of the expert commission under chair Owen D. Young, 1929

Under chair economist Owen D. Young (mi.) the expert commission debates a reform of the German reparation payments in the hotel 'George V.' in Paris. Nominated as the German experts are President of the Reichsbank Hjalmar Schacht (5th from. right.) and industrialist Albert Vaegler.

Alfred Hugenberg speaks against the Young Plan in the Reichstag, 1929

Alfred Hugenberg at the Reichstag debate on the "Freedom Law". The Reichstag rejected by a large majority the "Law against the Enslavement of the German People".

Henri Cheron, Belaerts van Bloockland and Pilotti at a banquet, 1930

The French Finance Minister Henri Cheron (left), the Italian chief delegates Pilotti (center) and the Dutch Foreign Minister Belaerts van Blockland (right) at a reception during the 2nd Hague Conference.

German delegation before their departure to the Second Hague Conference, 1930

The Defense Minister Wilhelm Groener (left margin) and foreign diplomats say goodbye to the German delegation before their departure to the Second Hague conference. Foreign Minister Julius Curtius (3.from left), the Minister for the Occupied Territories Joseph Wirth (4.from left), the Spanish Ambassador Espinosa de los Monteros, the Dutch Ambassador in Berlin, Count Limburg-Stirum and the Secretary of State in the Foreign Office Carl von Schubert. In The Hague was held the Second Conference on the Young Plan.

The Second Hague Conference, 1930 - Banquet

Banquet at the Hague Reparations Conference, left the French Finance Ministers Henri Cheron, front right, the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs Belaerdts van Bloekland talking with the Italian chief delegate Pilotti. At the end of the conference the Young Plan was accepted.

The Second Hague Conference, 1930

Significant differences occured at the negotiations on the Young Plan. Our photo shows the welcoming of the delegations of the 15 conference states, here appears the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs Belaerdts van Bloekland (center) with the French delegates Cheron and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Aristide Briand (left of him), Prime Minister Andre Tardieu and Loucheur (on his right).

French delegation during the Second Hague Conference, 1930

The French delegation during the Second Hague Conference: Finance Minister Henri Cheron, Bangeton, Aron, Basdevant, Alphand, Parmentier, Leverve, Coulondre, Felcourt, Moesseday, Leger, Secretary-General in the French Foreign Minister Philippe Berthelot, Foreign Minister Aristide Briand, Prime Minister Andre Tardieu and Labour Minister Louis Loucheur. In The Hague took place the Second Conference on the Young Plan.

Louis Loucheur, Julius Curtius and Andre Tardieu during the Second Hague Conference, 1930

The French Labour Minister Louis Loucheur, the Reich Foreign Minister Julius Curtius and the French Prime Minister Andre Tardieu during the Second Hague Conference. In The Hague takes place the Second Conference on the Young Plan. The reparations are set at 112 billion marks and has to be paid in annual installments till 1988.

The Second Hague Conference, 1930 - the diplomats breakfast

German-French diplomats breakfast, third from right, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Aristide Briand.

Opening of the Second Hague Conference, 1930

In The Hague takes place the Second Conference on the Young Plan. The reparations are set at 112 billion marks and has to be paid in annual installments till 1988. In the hall of the second Dutch chamber in the Binnenhof sit on the right side among others: French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand (4th from right.) and the French Prime Minister Andre Tardieu (5th from right). Germany's representative is the Reich Foreign Minister Julius Curtius.

Secretary during the first session of the Second Hague Conference, 1930

In The Hague takes place the Second Conference on the Young Plan. The reparations are set at 112 billion marks and has to be paid in annual installments till 1988.

The French delegation on their arrival in The Hague for the Second Hague Conference, 1930

The French delegation is received on their arrival in The Hague by the Dutch Foreign Minister Frans Beelaerts van Blokland. From left to right: the French Finance Minister Henri Cheron, Foreign Minister Aristide Briand, Frans Beelaerts van Blokland, the French Prime Minister Andre Tardieu and Labour Minister Louis Loucheur. In The Hague took place the Second Conference on the Young Plan.

Opening session of the Second Hague Conference, 1930

Alfred Hugenberg the Reichstag, 1930

Dr. Alfred Hugenberg, Chairman of the German National People's Party, addresses his appeal to the parties to reject the Young Plan in the plenary hall of the Berlin Reichstag. MPs of all parties standing around the rostrum. On the government bench (2nd from right): Foreign Minister Dr. Julius Curtius (DVP), next to him, Dr. Joseph Wirth.

Alfred Hugenberg in the Reichstag, 1930

The German politician Dr. Alfred Hugenberg, Chairman of the German National People's Party, gives his appeal to the parties to reject the Young Plan in the plenary hall of the Berlin Reichstag. Representatives of all parties stand around the speaker's tribune. On the government side (2nd from right): Reich Foreign Minister Dr. Julius Curtius (DVP), next to him is Dr. Joseph Wirth.

Joseph Goebbels Leaving a Polling Place During a Plebiscite Against the Young- Plan, 1931

Joseph Goebbels leaves a poll site in Berlin- Steglitz after casting his vote in the plebiscite on the Young- Plan. NSDAP memebers are waiting outside. They are all wearing white shirts after uniforms had been banned for NSADAP members.

The Karl Liebknecht House in Berlin, 1932

The Karl Liebknecht House of the Communist Party in Berlin with political slogans on the wall, such as against the SPD and the Young Plan. People are in the foreground, some men play football.