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DOSSIER Allied occupation of the Rhineland 1919-1930 150 Images

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Series: Allied occupation of the Rhineland 1919-1930

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Allied occupation of the Rhineland 1919-1930

Port area of ??Duisburg occupied by the French, 1921

After the delay of German payments to the victorious Allied Powers, French soldiers occupied the cities of Duisburg and Duesseldorf.

Belgian cavalry in an occupied German city, 1921

Cavalrymen from Belgium march through Duisburg or Duesseldorf. These two cities were occupied by the victorious Allied Powers after the delay of German reparation payments.

English tanks in Duesseldorf, 1921

On the square in front of the railway station in Duesseldorf, English tanks are stationed, which are being watched by curious people. Allied soldiers occupied Duisburg and Duesseldorf after the German payment of reparations had been delayed.

Painting of French guard houses in Dusseldorf, 1921

After the German payment of reparations had been delayed, French soldiers occupied Duisburg and Duesseldorf. In order to make their authority visible, guard houses were set up in many places. Two such sentry boxes are being painted here.

French occupation of Duesseldorf, 1921

After the delay of German payments to the victorious Allied Powers, French soldiers occupied Duesseldorf and Duisburg. Here there are soldiers with a machine gun at the station Duesseldorf.

French troops in front of the Duisburg Town Hall, 1921

In order to force the Germans to pay the reparations on time, Allied soldiers occupied the cities of Duisburg and Duesseldorf.

English tanks at the railway station in Duesseldorf, 1921

To occupy the Ruhr region the English used, among other things, tanks, which were stationed at the Duesseldorf station.

Belgian armored vehicles in Duesseldorf, 1921

In February the Belgian army occupied the Ruhr area. Here there are two armored combat cars on the streets of Duesseldorf.

March-in of French occupation troops in Bingen, 1919

French soldiers marching into the Rhineland according to the Treaty of Versailles, here in Bingen with their shouldered rifles.

French cavalry patrol in Mainz, 1919

According to the Treaty of Versailles, French troops occupied the Rhineland. French cavalrymen on the streets of Mainz.

British soldiers' formation in front of the government building in Wiesbaden, 1926

Soldiers of the Scottish and British occupation armies took over the government in Wiesbaden after the departure of the French. Here they parade in front of the government building with a hoisted British flag.

Official parade of the French occupation army in Koblenz, around the 1920s

The French General Gobeau honors a colonel of the French occupation troops in Koblenz (undated photo).

French machine gun position in Frankfurt an der Main, around the 1920s

French soldiers, as part of the Allied occupation army, have set up a machine gun in front of the main guard (Undated photo).

English tanks at the Cologne Cathedral, 1920

In April, it came to severe strikes in the occupied Cologne. That is why the English used heavy tanks for deterrence.

English Rhine flotilla near Cologne, around the 1920s

The military Rhine fleet of the Allied occupiers of the Rhineland is anchored near Cologne on the banks of the Rhine (Undated photo).

English occupation troops on the banks of the Rhine near Bingen, around the 1920s

English soldiers of the Allied occupation forces parade along the banks of the Rhine (Undated photo).

Changing of the guard of the English troops at their headquarters in Cologne, 1919

In front of the Excelsior Hotel Ernst, English soldiers of the Allied occupation army raise their flag and begin the changing of the guard.

American artillery in Koblenz, 1918

Shortly after the armistice was signed, the Americans established their headquarters in Koblenz. Here a cannon is being taken to Koblenz.

American sanitary train in Koblenz, around the 1920s

American soldiers move with medical equipment and gear through Koblenz, which became the American headquarters during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland and seat of the InterAllied Rhineland Commission (undated photo).

English guard soldiers at the Cologne Hohenzollern Bridge, around the 1920s

On the Hohenzoller Bridge English soldiers of the Allied occupation army set up a guardhouse (Undated photo).

Belgian tank in front of the Aachen City Hall, 1919

The first armored vehicles of the Belgian occupation army are parked in the arcade of the town hall of Aachen.

Marrocan soldiers in Frankfurt, around 1919/20

Moroccans in the service of the French army occupied the main guard at Schillerplatz in Frankfurt, where bloody clashes had taken place (Undated photo).

English soldiers during a tea break, around the 1920s

The English soldiers in the Rhineland, as part of the Allied occupation army, did not want to forgo their habits, such as the obligatory tea break.

Blocked Rhine bridge near Ludwigshafen during the Rhineland occupation, 1919

This bridge across the Rhine near Ludwigshafen was closed by the French army. Double and triple wire guards were supposed to protect the French from German bolshevism.

Belgian armored vehicle in front of the Aachen City Hall, 1918

Passers-by examine the tank of the Belgian army in front of the town hall in Aachen. Belgian soldiers stationed in Aachen as part of the Allied occupation army.

Belgian cavalry in Aachen, 1918

These Belgian cavalry and their horses were stationed in Aachen as part of the Allied occupation army.

French soldiers in Baden, around the 1920s

The small town idyll is interrupted only by the shouldered rifles of the French soldiers. (Undated photo).

American car convoy, 1919

Horses pull several wagons of the American occupation army in the Rhineland .The soldiers are on the left bank of the Rhine on the road between Koblenz and Bonn.

German vigilance committee waiting for French soldiers in Frankfurt on the Main, 1920

After Reichswehr troops had crushed a Communist uprising, the French marched into Frankfurt in response to the unauthorized deployment of German soldiers. Here are members of the armed vigilance committee of Franfurt, are waiting for the arrival of the French soldiers.

American soldiers at the Rhine near Niederbreisig, 1918

American soldiers guard a landing stage on the banks of the Rhine near Niederbreisig.

English soldiers march through Wiesbaden, 1919

The British parade through Wiesbaden with a playing military band.

Invasion of American troops in Koblenz, 1919

American occupation soldiers march across a bridge in Koblenz, which is the headquarters of the Allied occupation armies.

Day-order of a French general during the occupation of the Rhineland, 1918

Shortly after the signing of the armistice, the French gave the order to march into the Rhineland. Here is General Gerard, chief commander of the 8th French Army.

French soldiers at the Deutsches Eck ("German Corner") near Koblenz, around the 1920s

Three French soldiers look at the mouth of the Moselle in the Rhine near Koblenz (undated photo).

Donation call of the "Deutscher Notbund", 1919

The stationing of black troops from the French colonies in the Rhineland was regarded by many Germans as a shame or "black disgrace" .The "Deutsche Notbund" made it its mission to fight this scandal and campaigned for donations, cooperation and assistance with fliers as this, in which were described rapes of boys and girls by Black.

English tanks in front of the Cologne Cathedral, 1920

When in April 1920 there was a strike in Cologne, the British occupation troops stationed several tanks in front of the cathedral as deterrence. In the lower part of the photo is a tram of the line 10 in the direction of Suedfriedhof.

1919-1932: Allied occupation of the Rhineland

1919-1932: Allied occupation of the Rhineland, Remilitarization, Germany Weimar Republic

English guard posts at the Hohenzoller Bridge in Cologne, 1919

Shortly after the occupation of the city, the river transitions were sealed off over the Rhine and equipped with guard posts.

Senegalese soldiers in Frankfurt an der Main, 1920

Senegalese soldiers entered Germany, as part of the French army, as here at the occupation of Frankfurt. This invasion was a reaction to the Reichswehr's troops operating in the Ruhr area.

American artillery in Koblenz, around the 1920s

US soldiers of an artillery unit use their cannon in Koblenz, which during the occupation became the headquarters of the Americans (Undated photo).

Indian soldiers climb on a tram in Cologne, around the 1920s

In the service of the British army, soldiers from India also came to Germany as part of the Allied occupation forces, as here in Cologne (undated photo).

English soldiers at a railway station near Bingen, 1921

Four English soldiers from the Allied occupation army are waiting for their train at a provincial station near Bingen.

Tent camp of English troops near Wiesbaden, around the 1920s

English soldiers set up their camp (Undated photo).

The Neckar Bridge barred by French troops in Mannheim, around the 1920s

The French occupied German territories repeatedly to force the payment of reparations. Here there are soldiers who block the bridge over the Neckar near Mannheim (Undated photo).

French occupation troops at the main station in Mainz, around the 1920s

After the occupation by Allied troops, French soldiers were stationed in front of the central station in Mainz. To the left, the tram line 6 (Undated photo).

Passport control of the civilian population by French soldiers in Bonn, around the 1920s

Black and white French soldiers inspect the IDs of travelers of the Cologne-Duesseldorf Rhine steamship at the port of Bonn. (undated photo)

Mass arrival of German railwaymen in Weilburg, around the 1920s

After the occupation of the Koblenz station by Allied troops, the local railmen were identified and sent by train to Weiburg together with their families (undated photo).

English guard soldiers in front of the Wiesbaden Castle, around the 1920s

English guard soldiers dressed in kilts and carrying shouldered rifles gather in formation in front of the castle in Wiesbaden (Undated photo).

1919-1932: Allied occupation of the Rhineland

1919-1932: Allied occupation of the Rhineland, Remilitarization, Germany Weimar Republic

Headquarters of the English occupation forces in Cologne, 1919

Two British soldiers guard the entrance to the headquarters of the English Rhine army. Even soldiers of the "British Army of the Rhine" took part in the occupation of the Rhineland.

French soldiers in Bochum during a labor strike, 1923

Soldiers who occupied the Rhineland were also used to subdue strikes and demonstrations. Here, soldiers make sure that a strike by Krupp workers does not escalate.

Person abused by the French occupation troops in the Rhineland, 1923

The back of a man who was abused by French soldiers. On his back are clearly visible the welts caused by the whip.

American soldiers on their way to Koblenz Bahnhof, 1923

After the election of Warren G. Hardings to the US president, the Americans strengthened their isolation policies and withdrew their troops from Europe. Here, US soldiers with shouldered rifles and the regimental flag, as well as the US flag march to the railway station. French soldiers line up with bayonets.

Celebration of the abolition of the Rhineland occupation in Duesseldorf, 1925

At the market square a huge crowd has gathered to celebrate the withdrawal of the occupation soldiers. The buildings are decorated with flags and floral wreaths.

A German girl says goodbye to an English soldier with her child in her arms at the train station in Cologne, 1925

Many children of the Rhineland occupation era originate from relationships between German girls and occupation soldiers. Here a young woman holds her little child to say farewell to the English father.

American soldiers right before their departure from Koblenz, 1923

Four US soldiers take a look at the city of Koblenz, their former occupation area. Soon they will be on their way home.

1925-1926: Allied pull-out of the Rhineland: Zone I, withdrawal of the Americans, Farewell at the train station, 1923

American withdrawal from the Rhineland. 1925-1926: Allied pull-out from the Rhineland: Zone I, the withdrawal of Americans, occupation of the Rhineland, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic

American soldiers on their way to Koblenz Bahnhof, 1923

After the election of Harding as president, the Americans strengthened their isolation policies and withdrew their troops from Europe. The French became their successors in Koblenz. Here the US soldiers march with their luggage to the station.

Withdrawal of the Americans from Ehrenbreitstein Fortress near Koblenz, 1923

The US occupation soldiers parade one last time at the fortress. Afterwards the French took it over as an occupation area.

Cologne celebrating the abolition of the occupation of the city, 1925

Many Cologne citizens gathered at the Domplatz ("Cathedral Square") to celebrate the withdrawal of the British soldiers.

The British leave Cologne, 1925

The English say good-bye to the city of Cologne with a playing band and march across the Domplatz ("Cathedral Square").

Lowering the American flag at the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress near Koblenz, 1925

With the lowering of the flag, the American occupation troops leave the fortress. French soldiers were also present at the ceremony.

Farewell ceremony of the British in Cologne, 1925

In front of their headquarters in Cologne the British soldiers took leave by lowering their flag, and parading for the last time with fixed bayonets.

Crowd of people in front of Cologne Cathedral at the leave-taking of the English, 1925

By lowering the British flag, the soldiers of Great Britain bid farewell to Cologne. People gathered in crowds for this solemn hour at Cologne Cathedral.

Farewell of the English soldiers to Cologne, 1925

The British leave their headquarters in Cologne by lowering flags and a last parade with fixed bayonets.

Arrival of the first German policemen at Duesseldorf Hauptbahnhof, 1925

After their arrival, the policemen gather around and rank. Many still have their luggage with them.

Return of the Schupo in Essen, 1925

After the evacuation of Essen by the French soldiers, the returning Schutzpolizei (police) was enthusiastically received by the population. Here a woman hands over a bouquet to a policeman.

Liberation ceremony in Speyer, 1930

The evacuation of the city was publicly celebrated by the inhabitants of Speyer. A great feast was held in front of the cathedral, where the Minister of the Occupied Territories, Gottfried Treviranus, gave a speech to the people.

Raising of the Cologne flag, 1926

After the withdrawal of the British occupation soldiers, the flag of the city of Cologne was hoisted at the "Excelsior Hotel Ernst", the former headquarters of the English.

Departure of the French from Saarlouis, 1927

In 1927 the last French soldiers left Saarlouis. They march out of the city with their rifles tied on their backs.

Departure of the last British soldiers from Cologne, 1925

After the signing of the Locarno Treaty, the last Englishmen cleared the city of Cologne and marched home with their shouldered rifles and bayonets.

Preparations to put out to sea the English Rhine Flotilla in Cologne, 1925

English marines of the Royal Navy carry sea bags by means of a guard rail on a ship.

Arrival of the first policemen in Essen, 1925

After the French left Essen, the population was happy for the first returning Schupos in their city. Led by the population, the policemen march to their station.

Departure of the British from Cologne, 1925

After the siging of the Locarno Treaty, the English left the 1st zone of the occupied Rhineland. Here they march out of Cologne.

Withdrawal of the French from Duesseldorf, around 1925

Members of the French occupation force leave the city on the back of their horses with drawn sabers.

French soldiers leaving the occupation zone of Dortmund-Hoerde, 1925

After the adoption of the Dawes Plan, the evacuation of the occupation zone was carried out very slowly and unobtrusively. The French left the city with shouldered weapons in groups of up to 20 men under the leadership of a corporal.

English officers leave a hotel in Wiesbaden, 1925

Under the Locarno Treaty, a part of the occupied Rhineland was cleared by the Allies. Here, English officers leave a hotel in Wiesbaden.

1925-1926: allied pull-out of the Rhineland: first zone, withdrawal of the Americans

1925-1926: allied pull-out of the Rhineland: first zone, withdrawal of the Americans, Remilitarization, Germany 1919-1932 Weimar Republic

Two French troopers leave Duesseldorf, around 1925

The Allied occupation was abolished as early as 1925 in the eastern area of ??the Rhine. Here, two soldiers of the French occupation force are leaving Dusseldorf (Undated photo).

British cavalrymen in Frauenstein, 1929

Here four mounted British soldiers pass through the small town of Frauenstein. Passers-by watch them, including a man with ox-drawn carts.

1925-1926: allied pull-out of the Rhineland: second and third zone

1925-1926: allied pull-out of the Rhineland: second and third zone, Remilitarization, Germany 1919-1932 Weimar Republic

Arrival of English soldiers in Dover, 1929

English soldiers from the 2nd Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment arrive by ship in Dover. The soldiers standing on the railing had embarked in Wiesbaden.

Last preparations for departure of English soldiers from Wiesbaden, 1929

A customs officer controlls the suitcase of a withdrawing English soldier. His comrades are watching the happenings.

French officers dive their regimental flags into the Rhine near Bad Kreuznach, 1930

Shortly before their withdrawal from the Rhineland, these French soldiers submerged their flags and regimental pennants into the waters of the Rhine to symbolically document their claim to the river.

English soldiers lowering the flag in Wiesbaden, 1929

Observed by spectators on the surrounding balconies, English soldiers of the occupation force take up positions for the last flag lowering before their departure.

Farewell roll call of the French in Koblenz, 1929

On the last day of November, the last occupation troops left the Second Zone of the Rhineland. This is the last roll call of the soldiers to the President of the InterAllied Rhineland Commission, Paul Tirard, and the military commander General Thevenent.

Lowering the French flag at the Ehrenbreistein Fortress near Koblenz, 1929

On the last day of November 1929, all the soldiers of the occupation armies left the 2nd occupation zone of the Rhineland. Here the French tricolor is lowered at the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress.

Lowering of the French flag at the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress near Koblenz, 1929

In the course of the evacuation of the fortress by the French occupation troops, the waving tricolor was also lowered.

Lowering of the French flag in Ludwigshafen am Rhein, 1930

French soldiers clear the occupied bridgehead Ludwigshafen. Here soldiers of the garrison, 97th infantry regiment, ceremoniously lower the tricolor.

Departure of the English from Wiesbaden, 1930

The English marched off from Wiesbaden with a French guard of honor, while a music band was playing.

The English marching off from Koenigstein, 1929

These English soldiers left their former headquarters in Koenigstein in orderly marching columns.

1925-1926: allied pull-out of the Rhineland: second and third zone

1925-1926: allied pull-out of the Rhineland: second and third zone, Remilitarization, Germany 1919-1932 Weimar Republic

French troops march out of Wiesbaden, 1930

With a group of drummers ahead of them, soldiers march to the train station in Wiesbaden.

Farewell ceremony of the French in Trier, 1930

Passers-by and soldiers of the French occupation force witness the lowering of the French tricolor.

French marines evacuate Koblenz, 1929

Members of the French navy leave Koblenz across a bridge.

English soldiers before their departure from Koenigstein, 1929

The English are ready to withdraw from the Rhineland with a rolled flag.

Lowering the French tricolor at the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress near Koblenz, 1929

Two members of the French occupation force lower the flag of France.

The departure of English soldiers from Wiesbaden, 1929

English soldiers leave Wiesbaden with a parade accompanied by a French guard of honor.

Withdrawal of the last English troops from Wiesbaden, 1929

The English say goodbye to Wiesbaden after having lowered the flag with a parade.

French soldiers evacuate the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress near Koblenz, around 1929

Frenchmen march down the winding road in front of the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress, which leads down to the edge of the Rhine hills.

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