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DOSSIER Bank, stock exchange and economy during Great Depression 163 Images

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Bank, stock exchange and economy during Great Depression

Colonnade of the closed Berlin Stock market during the Great Depression, 1931

An employee closes a door in the colonnade of the Berlin Stock market. After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), it comes a run on the banks. The stock markets are closed on 18.09.1931. The exchange transaction is reopened only on 04.11.1932.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Collapse of the Danat Bank in Berlin, 1931

After the bankruptcy of the Darmstaedter und Nationalbank (Danat Bank), the payrolls are checked at the Chamber of Commerce. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Collapse of the Handelsbank in Berlin, 1931

After the bankruptcy of the Handelsbank, on the door of its building in the Koenig Strasse 40 hangs a Closed" sign. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, 1919-1932 Germany, Weimar Republic."

Disconto-Gesellschaft, 1929

Building of the branch of the Disconto-Gesellschaft. The Americans withdrew their loans from Germany, where they were scheduled for long-term investments. As a result, Deutsche Bank merged with the Disconto-Gesellschaft into the largest bank in the German Reich.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, A closed Sparkasse (savings bank) in Berlin, 1931

After the cessation of payment of the Danat Bank, the banks and Sparkassen (savings banks) in Berlin were temporarily closed. Depositors before a branch of the Sparkasse in Berlin. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Concerned customers in front of a savings bank in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third-largest financial institution of the German Realm, the Darmstaedter und Nationalbank (Danat Bank), the bank customers are worried about the value of their deposits. The picture shows a crowd outside a branch of the Stadtsparkasse (City Savings Bank). Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic

Rush of depositors at the Berlin Sparkasse, 1931

After the banking crisis, triggered by the insolvency of the DANAT bank (Darmstaedter and Nationalbank), many panicked depositors rush the counters. Here, the masses of savers who are waiting in vain before the Berliner Sparkasse.

Protest before the bank for German officials, 1929

Depositors protest in front of the Berliner Bank fuer deutsche Beamte.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Making a payment for traveling abroad during the Great Depression, 193

According to a decree of the Reich government, Germans who wanted to travel abroad had to pay 100,- Mark. The payment was confirmed in passports. Berliner paying the departure tax at the passport office in the police headquarters in Berlin. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Insolvente Bank, 1931

As a result of Black Friday in the US and the collapse of the banking system, many banks have to file for bankruptcy, including the Bremen Bank.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, People in front of the Stock Exchange in Berlin, 1931

Following the bankruptcy of the Danat Bank and the Nordwolle Konzern (North German Wool Company) the stock exchange in Berlin was closed on September 1931. People in front of the stock market in the Burg Strasse.

The empty Palais am Pariser Platz, 1932

The Palais am Pariser Platz is empty and is covered with numerous tenants wanted stickers. This is a typical picture of the period, numerous palaces and office buildings are empty.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Concerned customers in front of a savings bank in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third-largest financial institution of the German Realm, the Darmstaedter und Nationalbank (Danat Bank), the bank customers are worried about the value of their deposits. The picture shows a crowd outside a branch of the Stadtsparkasse (City Savings Bank) at Muehlendamm. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Concerned customers in front of a savings bank in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third-largest financial institution of the German Realm, the Darmstaedter und Nationalbank (Danat Bank), the bank customers are worried about the value of their deposits. The picture shows a crowd outside a branch of the Stadtsparkasse (City Savings Bank) at Muehlendamm, before the reopening. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Rush of depositors, 1931

After the banking crisis, triggered by the insolvency of the DANAT bank (Darmstaedter and Nationalbank), many panicked depositors rush the counters.

Meeting of creditors of the Beamtenbank, 1931

In 1931 there was a meeting of creditors of Beamtenbank, which collapsed in 1929. The police had to block the road, as so many savers were hoping to get at least a part of their deposits back.

Disconto-Gesellschaft, 1929

DANAT Bank, 1931

View of the DANAT bank in Berlin. Its collapse triggered a chain reaction.

Deutsche Bank, 1929

Building of Disconto-Gesellschaft. After the Americans withdrew their loans from Germany, Deutsche Bank merged with the Disconto-Gesellschaft into the largest bank in the German Reich.

Disconto-Gesellschaft, 1929

World economic crisis: banks, stock exchange, Meeting of the creditors after the collapse of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamte, 1931

Meeting of creditors and depositors of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamte in the Automobile Exhibition Hall on the Kaiserdamm in Berlin, probably in February 1932. The bank had collapsed as one of the first large banks back in 1929. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Settlement day the Beamten Wirtschaftsverein, 1932

Settlement date in the Neue Welt against Beamten-Wirtschaftsverein that is dealing with financial difficulties. The meeting took place in the "Neuen Welt" in Hasenheide / Berlin.

World economic crisis: banks, stock exchange, Meeting of creditors after the collapse of a Berlin bank, 1932

Assembly of savers and depositors of Berliner Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz at the settlement conference in the Automobile Exhibition Hall on the Kaiserdamm. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Settlement day against the Haus- und Grundbesitzerbank, 1932

Settlement date against the Haus- und Grundbesitzerbank. Approximately 15,000 creditors attend the meeting.

Meeting of the creditors of Beamtenbank, 1929-1932

Meeting of creditors of the Beamtenbank in the Grossen Schauspielhaus in Berlin. Almost everybody lost their deposits.

Settlement day against the Beamten Wirtschaftsverein, 1932

Settlement date in the Neue Welt against Beamten-Wirtschaftsverein that is dealing with financial difficulties.

Meeting of creditors of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamte, 1931

Meeting of creditors of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamtes. At this point the money of the depositors is already gone. The meeting takes place in a car hall at the Kaiserdamm.

Rush of depositors, 1931

After the banking crisis, triggered by the insolvency of the DANAT bank (Darmstaedter and Nationalbank), many panicked depositors rush the counters.

Rush of depositors, 1931

After the banking crisis, triggered by the insolvency of the DANAT bank (Darmstaedter and Nationalbank), many panicked depositors rush the counters.

Reopening of the stock market, 1932

Reopening of the stock exchange after it had been closed for a long time due to the insolvency of the DANAT bank, the collapse of the Nordwolle group and slump in prices.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Protest in front of the Berlin Stock Exchange, 1931

Policemen clear the square in front of the stock market in the Burgstrasse in Berlin. The bankruptcy of the Danat Bank and the Nordwolle Konzern (North German Wool Company) made necessary the closure of the stock market. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

The stock exchange is closed, 1931

View of closed stock exchange. After the collapse of the DANAT bank, the government was forced to close the stock market.

Reopening of the stock exchange, 1932

Reopening of the stock market after it was closed for almost five months. The reason for the closing was the bankruptcy of the DANAT bank, the breakdown of the Nordwolle group and the bank run of savers who had tried to save their deposits.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Bankruptcy of the Danat Bank, 1931

A closed branch of the Danat Bank on Belle-Alliance-Platz in Berlin. The Darmstaedter und Nationalbank (Danat Bank), the third largest financial institution of the Realm, had to suspend the payments. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Collapse of the Danat Bank during the Great Depression, 1931

The third-largest financial institution of the German Realm, the Darmstaedter und Nationalbank (Danat Bank) had to suspend payments. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Bankruptcy of the Danat Bank, 1931

Closed branch of Danat-Bank at the Belle-Alliance-Platz in Berlin. The Darmstaedter und Nationalbank (Danat-Bank), the third largest monetary institution of the Reich, had to stop payment transactions.

Depositors storm DANAT bank, 1931

The bank crash leads to the suspension of payment of DANAT bank, depositors storm the counters as they remember the great inflation of 1923.

Bankruptcy of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamte, 1931

The savers are concerned about their deposits, since the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamte has gone bankrupt.

The insolvent DANAT bank, 1931

The DANAT bank must cease payments.

Bankruptcy of the Darmstaedter Bank, 1931

The central building of the DANAT bank at Schinkelplatz in Berlin. The DANAT bank has become insolvent.

Bankruptcy of the DANAT bank, 1931

The Darmstaedter und Nationalbank. The DANAT bank had to suspend payments.

Disconto-Gesellschaft, 1929

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Crowd at the reopening of the Sparkasse in Berlin, 1931

Following the bank crash in July 1931 all banks were closed, after the reopening depositors crowd in front of a Sparkasse (savings bank) in Berlin. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Depositors storm the Sparkasse (Savings Bank) of the City of Berlin, 1931

The bank crash leads to the suspension of payment of DANAT bank, depositors storm the counters as they remember the great inflation of 1923.

Depositors storm DANAT bank, 1931

The bank crash leads to the suspension of payment of DANAT bank, depositors storm the counters as they remember the great inflation of 1923.

Depositors storm DANAT bank, 1931

The bank crash leads to the suspension of payment of DANAT bank, depositors storm the counters as they remember the great inflation of 1923.

Depositors storm DANAT bank, 1931

The bank crash leads to the suspension of payment of DANAT bank, depositors storm the counters as they remember the great inflation of 1923.

Disconto-Gesellschaft, 1929

The closed Stock Exchange, 1931

View of closed stock exchange. The bankruptcy of the DANAT bank, the collapse of the Nordwolle group and the bank run of the savers caused the closing of the stock exchange.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Albert H. Wiggin in Berlin, 1931

In the distress during the Great Depression, the committees of the German debtors and foreign creditors negotiated together in the Reichsbank. In the picture there is the chairman of the American Chase Bank Albert H. Wiggin on the way to a meeting, right there is a photographer. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Stopping negotiations, 1931

Foreign investors at the standstill negotiations between the Association of the German debtors and foreign investors from America, Italy, England and other European countries. On top French investors, in the center English investors under the leadership of Tjarks and below Wiggin, president of the Ohase National Bank in New York. From the German side, Dr. Jeidele of the Berlin Handelsgesellschaft, Dr. Schlieper of Deutsche Bank and Disconto-Gesellschaft and Dr.Karst of the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie.

Negotiations, 1931

Deutsche Bank, 1929

Building of a branch of Deutsche Bank. The Americans withdrew their loans from Germany, where they were scheduled for long-term investments. As a result, Deutsche Bank merged with the Disconto-Gesellschaft into the largest bank in the German Reich.

Disconto-Gesellschaft, 1929

Rush of depositors at the Berlin Sparkasse, 1931

Depositors run on the Berliner Stadtsparkasse. The bankruptcy of the DANAT bank leads to a bank run, the savers fear for their deposits, as they have in mind the inflation of 1923.

Rush of depositors at the Berlin Sparkasse, 1931

Run on the Berliner Stadtsparkasse. The bankruptcy of DANAT Bank launches a wave of payment suspensions of banks. As a result the depositors run on the banks, fearing for their deposits.

Capital flight to Switzerland, 1930

This caricature (by Karl Arnold) from the Simplicissimus pillories the flight of capital from the German Reich. The radical NSDAP and KPD parties are growing more and more.

Deutsche Bank, 1929

Building of Deutsche Bank. The Americans withdrew their loans from Germany, where they were scheduled for long-term investments. As a result, Deutsche Bank merged with the Disconto-Gesellschaft into the largest bank in the German Reich.

Deutsche Bank, 1929

Meeting of creditors of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamte, 1931

Meeting of creditors of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamtes. At this point the money of the depositors is already gone. The meeting takes place in a car hall at the Kaiserdamm.

Opening of the Foreign Exchange Control Office, 1931

The new Foreign Exchange Control Office in the Landesfinanzamt (Revenue Office) at Lehrtner Bahnhof / Berlin has been opened (04.08.1931). Offers and information are processed here.

Foreign exchange monitoring, 1931

After the bankruptcy of the DANAT bank and many other financial institutions, the Berlin police have set up a special department for the monitoring of foreign exchange.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Foreign Exchange Office in Berlin during the Great Depression, 1931

Foreign exchange control point in the Landesfinanzamt (State Tax Office) at Lehrter Bahnhof in Berlin. Importers and exporters must obtain an approval from the authority to dispose of the proceeds received for their goods. In this newly created authority the applications are considered for currency procurement. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic. World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Foreign Exchange Office in Berlin during the Great Depression, 1931

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Making a payment for traveling abroad during the Great Depression, 1931

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Paying money for traveling abroad during the Great Depression, 1931

Berliner who want to leave Germany have to pay 100,- Mark at the passport office in the police headquarters. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Reopening of the stock exchange, 1932

The stock exchange is reopened after it had to close on 18.9.1931. However, the hopes for improvements on the labor and capital market, are not fulfilled.

Reopening of the stock exchange, 1932

The stock market reopens after seven weeks of enforced break. This photograph shows the lively activity before the stock exchange entrance.

Closure of the Stock Exchange, 1931

After the collapse of DANAT bank and the Nordwolle group, the stock exchange has to close.

Bankruptcy of the Berlin Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz, 1931

The Berliner Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz, just like many other financial institutions, must cease payments on 19.11.1931. The deposits of the savers are lost.

Bankruptcy of the Genossenschaftsbank fuer Gewerbe und Industrie (Cooperative bank for trade and industry), 1931

The Genossenschaftsbank fuer Gewerbe und Industrie (cooperative bank for trade and industry), had to suspend its payments just like many other banks. This was triggered by the bankruptcy of DANAT bank.

Closure of the Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz, 1931

Savers who fear for their deposits, before the Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz. After the bankruptcy of the DANAT bank, numerous other banks had to close as well.

Schutzpolizei in front of the Berlin Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz, 1931

After the bankruptcy of the DANAT bank, further banks have to close down, like the Berliner Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz (here in the picture).

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Bankruptcy of the Deutsche Beamte-Bank in Berlin, 1929/32

People wait outside the closed portal of the Bank fuer Deutsche Beamte, which ceased its operations during the global economy crisis. Undated picture. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, Protest in front of a bank during the Great Depression in Berlin, 1931

The placard holder of an association for the protection of creditors outside the main building of the Berliner Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz in the Kaiser-Wilhelm Strasse. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

World economic crisis: banks, stock market, A vacant bank building in Berlin, 1932

The premises of a bank in Berlin, which had to give up these premises during the economic crisis. Great Depression: banks, stock exchange, 1929-1932, Germany 1919-1932, Weimar Republic.

Rush of depositors at the Berlin Handelsbank, 1931

Savers fear for their deposits, as the Berliner Handelsbank, like some other banks, had to close in June 1931.

Bankruptcy of the evangelical Zentralbank, 1931

After the bankruptcy of DANAT bank, the evangelical Zentralbank (here in the picture) has to suspend its payments as well.

Reopening of the Sparkasse (Savings Bank), 1931

Reopened branch of the Stadtsparkasse Berlin. After the bankruptcy of the DANAT bank followed a big run on all banks, but now the situation has calmed down again.

Reopening of the Sparkasse (Savings Bank), 1931

Reopened branch of the Stadtsparkasse Berlin. After the bankruptcy of the DANAT bank followed a big run on all banks, but now the situation has calmed down again.

Bankruptcy of the Industrie-und Privatbank, 1931

View of the Industrie-und Privatbank belonging to the Michel Group.

Crowd at the Frankfurter Sparkasse, 1931

After the insolvency of the DANAT bank began the run on other banks, as here on a Frankfurt Sparkasse (savings bank).

Crowd outside a branch of the Sparkasse in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), local clients worry about the value of their deposits. Clients wait outside a branch of the Stadtsparkasse at the Muehlendamm in Berlin.

People in front of the branch of the Sparkasse in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), local clients worry about the value of their deposits. The picture shows a crowd outside a branch of the Stadtsparkasse on the Muehlendamm.

Crowd outside a branch of the Danat bank in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), bank clients worry about their savings. Clients in front of the closed branch of the Danat bank at the Nollendorfplatz in Berlin.

Closed branch of the Evangelical Central Bank in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), other banks are closed. The picture shows the entrance of the closed branch of the Evangelical Central Bank in the Kurfuersten Street in Berlin. On the upper sign, customers are informed about the opening of the insolvency proceeding, on the bottom about the closure of the store.

Crowd outside the Central Market Hall in Berlin, 1931

After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), it comes to a run on the banks. The picture shows a crowd outside the agency of the Central Market Hall in Berlin.

Crowd outside a branch of the Sparkasse in Berlin, 1931

Cancellation of wage lists on a Berlin Police Office, 1931

A policeman with a wage list. After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), it comes to a run on the banks. The payment is restricted by emergency decree, so that money may be withdrawn only for certain purposes, such as for wage payments. The payrolls must however first be stamped by the relevant police station.

Reopening of the Berlin Stock Market, 1932

Crowd in front of the reopened stock market in Berlin. After the banks crash, triggered by the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Dana bank) in July 1931, the stock markets were closed.

Trial in the great car hall at the Kaiserdamm in Berlin, 1932

'In the great car hall at the Kaiserdamm, a huge court case takes place with around 12,000 injured. It is the court settlement between the Berlin bank 'Bank fuer Handel und Grundbesitz' and the injured depositors of the bank. In the foreground is the podium with the court and the expert.'

Anxious customers wait before a savings bank in Berlin following the collapse of the Danat Bank on the 13 July 1931 (b/w photo)

the Darmstaedter-and Nationalbank was the third biggest bank in Germany,

Posting on a Sparkasse in Berlin during the Great Depression, 1931

Posting on the Berlin Sparkasse, which informs the clients about the impact of the emergency decree. After the collapse of the third largest financial institution of the German Reich, the Darmstadt and National Bank (Danat bank), it comes to a run on the banks. The payment is restricted by emergency decree, so that money may be paid only for specific purposes, such as for salaries, wages, pensions, insurance, taxes and benefits.

Concerned businessmen in front of the Berlin Stock Exchange, 1931/32

Concerned businessmen waiting in front of the Berlin Stock Exchange, which was closed by the Government on 18.09.1931 and re-opened on 02.25.1932. In the background, the building of Circus Busch.

Retail sale of cigarettes during the Great Depression, 1931

A man at a kiosk while buying a cigarette. The sharp decline in cigarette consumption during the Great Depression prompted the government to allow retail sale of cigarettes again.

License plates of deregistered cars, 1932/33

In the winter of 1932/33, significantly more Berlin inhabitants deregistered their car as usual. The economic situation forced many owners to sell the car. The photo shows a man with license plates of deregistered cars. There are covered vehicles.

Liquidation sale of a jewelry business during the Great Depression, 1931

A jeweler who has to close his shop because of the sharply increased rent, accepts ever offer for his goods.

Liquidation sale of a carpet business during the Great Depression, 1932

Business task of the carpet trade 'Orient-Teppich AG' (OTAG) at the corner of the Leipzig Street/Markgrafenstrasse.

Berlin stock market, 1932

View of the facade of the Berlin stock market.

Cigarette stand, 1929

A tobacco and chocolate kiosk in of the Mauerstrasse in Berlin.

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