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Novemberrevolution in Deutschland, 1918

Sailors on patrol in Berlin, 1918

German Revolution: Sailor patrol in Friedrichstrasse in Berlin in December, 1918.

Proclamation of the Republic, 1918

On 9 November 1918. Philipp Scheidemann proclaims the Republic from a balcony of the Reichstag. Thousands of people listen to him on the Koenigsplatz with the Bismarck Memorial.

Sailors on an occupied ship in Kiel, 1918

Mutinous sailors at the start of the revolution on a warship in the port of Kiel.

Sailors of the deep-sea fleet mutiny in Kiel, 1918

In November sailors mutinied in reaction to the order to retire certain ships of the German fleet lying at anchor. On this photo sailors of the fleet demonstrate in Kiel.

Assembly of sailors and shipyard workers in Wilhelmshaven, 1918

After the declaration of the Republic in Berlin on November 9, 1918, sailors and shipyard workers gathered for a meeting in Wilhelmshaven. The picture is presumably from 10 November 1918.

Marines and shipyard workers at a mass meeting in Wilhelmshaven, 1918

Rebelling marines and shipyard workers at a mass meeting, when it became known that Kaiser Wilhelm II fled to Holland and Philipp Scheidemann has proclaimed the Republic in Berlin.

Fireworks of the German High Seas Fleet at Wilhelmshaven after the proclamation of the Republic, 1918

After the message has arrived from Berlin that the Emperor abdicated and that Scheidemann has proclaimed the Republic, the mutinous German High Seas Fleet organized a large firework with its ammunition.

Fighting sailors during the sailor uprising in Kiel, 1918

Two sailors fight with each other, while other sailors are looking at them during the sailors' mutiny in northern Germany. This is a film image.

Burial of fallen sailors in Kiel, 1918

A funeral procession of the sailors who died on the 3rd of November passing through the streets of Kiel. Inhabitants line the streets.

The front page of "Vorwaerts", 1918

On November 9, 1918, the title page of the Social Democratic "Vorwaerts" announced the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II under the headline: "The emperor has abdicated!"

Abduction certificate of Emperor Wilhelm II, 1918

Abdication certificate of the former Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia.

Staff leaving the Berlin City Palace, 1918

After the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II, servants leave the royal Palace with packed suitcases.

Emperor Wilhelm II at a border crossing, 1918

After the abdication as Emperor, Wilhelm II left Berlin to go into exile in the Netherlands. Here he is (2nd from left) at a station on the Belgian-Dutch border, where he takes leave of his entourage.

Renunciation to the throne of the Crown Prince, 1918

Abdication certificate of the former Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia.

Funeral procession of the victims of the November Revolution, 1918

At Potsdamer Platz local residents wait for the funeral procession to pay tribute to the fallen revolutionaries.

Address of the Kronprinzen-Palais after the declaration of the Republic, 1918

A member of the new government holds a speech in front of the ramp of the Kronprinzen-Palais in Berlin, shortly after Philipp Scheidemann has proclaimed the Republic, in which he informed the crowd of the events.

Speaker in front of the Berlin Palace, 1918

A speaker talks on an ambulance in front of the royal palace after the proclamation of the Republic.

Speech of a Spartacist, 1918

A Spartacus member on a car talking to supporters of the federation in the Tiergarten Berlin.

Destroyed monarchical symbols in Berlin, 1918

After the news of the abdication of the emperor, the proclamation of the Republic and the Germany-wide unrests, Berliners have mounted a crown in the Victory Boulevard in the Tiergarten.

Crowd at the Lustgarten during the days of the revolution in Berlin, 1918

Members of the Workers and Soldiers Council at the corner of Lustgarten / Schlossfreiheit keep the crowd away from the City Palace. In the background, the Zeughaus.

Demonstration of German workers by Berlin, 1918

Sailors and workers of the Deutsche Waffenfabrik march through the streets of Berlin in November 1918. A worker holds a sign with the name of the factory, a sailor holds a red flag.

Mass rally at the Bismarck Memorial in Berlin, 1918

On 10 November 1918, a day after the proclamation of the Republic, takes place a demonstration on the Koenigsplatz. In the background the Victory Column is to be seen.

Leaflet of the Frankfurter Soldatenrat (Frankfurt Soldiers' Council), 1918

On a leaflet, the Frankfurt Soldiers' Council shares the guidelines of the planned future action.

Call of the Workers'- and Soldiers' Council in Wilhelmshaven, 1918

One of the first posters of the Workers'- and Soldiers' Council which was formed in Wilhelmshaven after the Revolution. In a call, all men and women are invited to attend a mass meeting at the Grodenschul square at Elisenlust behind the Sea Battalion barrack.

Revolutionaries during the November Revolution in Munich, 1918

Cheering Republican soldiers in front of the Mathaeserbraeu in the Bayerstrasse, the seat of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council.

Revolutionaries in Berlin, 1918

On the boulevard Unter den Linden / corner Friedrichstrasse march USPD affiliated sailors, soldiers and workers.

Revolutionaries in Berlin, 1918

Armed sailors, workers, and soldiers march through the streets of Berlin. During the winter months there were frequent clashes between right-wing Freikorps and government-loyal soldiers on one side, and left-wing workers, soldiers and sailors on the other side.

Revolutionaries in Berlin, 1918

S sailor with the red flag marches at the head of a group of revolutionaries

November Revolution in Berlin, 1918

A truck with armed revolutionaries and sailors during the revolution in front of the Berlin palace.

Hoisting of the red flag at the Bremen Town Hall, 1918

After the deposition of the Senate and of the Buergerschaft the workers' and soldiers' council hoists the Red flag at the City Hall. The First Chairman Henke makes a speech.

People's assembly in front of the Berlin Cathedral, 1918

On 10 November 1918 took place a demonstration in the Lustgarten. In the background the equestrian statue of Friedrich Wilhelm II.

Karl Liebknecht giving a speech at the funeral for victims of the November Revolution, Berlin, 20 November 1918 (b/w photo)

German socialist and a co-founder of the Spartacist League and the Communist Party of Germany,

Wreath arrangement on the Tempelhofer field in Berlin, 1918

Before the burial of the victims of the November Revolution in the Friedhof der Maerzgefallenen, soldiers and sailors lay wreaths on the Tempelhofer field. Thousands of people attend the ceremony. Above all, workers have come, it is recognizable by the signs.

Funeral of the sailors killed during the mutiny in Kiel, 1918

At a funeral procession, the marines killed in the Marine's Mutiny on the 3rd of November 1918 were buried.

Burial of the victims of the November Revolution in Berlin, 1918

At the burial of the victims of the November Revolution at Tempelhof field, thousands of people are paying their respects to the dead. First of all workers have appeared, recognizable by the placards with the inscriptions "AEG-Werke", "Proletarian", "Arbeiterjugend Berlin" and "Rumpler-Werke".

Salute for the victims of the November Revolution, 1918

While the coffins of the fallen revolutionaries pass by the Neue Wache, soldiers fire a salute.

Speech of Richard Muellers, 1918

The chairman of the Executive Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Council (Vollzugsrat) Richard Mueller gives a speech at the funeral of the victims of the November Revolution.

Funeral procession of the victims of the November Revolution, 1918

Countless people attend the funeral procession at Potsdamer Platz to pay their respects to the fallen.

Viewing of coffins, 1918

The coffins of the fallen revolutionaries was solemnly laid on a pedestal before the burial. Previously, the chairman of the Executive Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Council (Vollzugsrat) Richard Mueller gave a speech.

Funeral procession for the victims of the Revolution, 1918

Funeral procession of the fallen November revolutionaries in front of the Berlin Cathedral. In addition to the military honors, the civilian population also expresses their respect.

Funeral procession of the victims of the November Revolution, 1918

Countless people attend the funeral procession through the Schlossfreiheit to pay their respect to the fallen.

Funeral procession for the victims of the Revolution, 1918

The funeral procession of the fallen November revolutionaries, here at Leipziger Platz. On the right is the Palast Hotel.

Appeal at the time of the mutiny of the German High Seas Fleet in the First World War, 1918

Appeal to the mutinous sailors of the High Seas Fleet, signed by Chancellor Prince Max von Baden, Philipp Scheidemann and Ritter von Mann.

Demonstrators at the beginning of the November Revolution, 1918

On November 9, 1918 the people of Berlin demonstrated on Unter den Linden. Sailors in Kiel had been revolting against the imperial regime and the continuation of combat since November 4th.

Marshal of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council in Berlin, 1918

Armed men keep away the crowd from the City Palace in Berlin on behalf of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council.

Revolutionary soldiers distribute flyers in Berlin, 1918

Revolutionary soldiers distribute leaflets to the population in front of a truck.

Freikorp soldiers in Braunschweig, 1919

Government-loyal soldiers of the Freikorps Maercker parade on the Loewenwall in Braunschweig. As the proclamation of the Soviet Republic of Brunswick was closing, the national government began to restore power in Berlin.

Guards during the November Revolution in Belin, 1918

Revolutionary German soldiers as guards in Berlin. They are armed with K98 Mauser guns and a Maschinengewehr 08.

Revolutionary soldiers at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, 1918

November Revolution in Germany in 1918: William II, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia, goes into exile in Holland. The Reich Chancellor will be the Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert. Throughout the empire were created workers and soldiers councils to take over the local power.

Demonstration at the Brandenburg Gate, 1918

A demonstration of revolutionary followers Unter den Linden in Berlin.

Demonstration of the Spartacus League at the Brandenburg Gate, 1919

After the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany resigned from the Council of the People's Deputies, it comes to demonstrations of the radical left-wing in Berlin, as here at the Brandenburg Gate.

Hugo Haase during a speech at the Tempelhof field in Berlin, 1918

The leader of the USPD (Independent Social Democrats) and chairman of the Council of the People's Representatives, Hugo Haase, speaks in front of soldiers and workers at the Tempelhof field in Berlin.

Georg Ledebour speaks in the Berlin Lustgarten, 1918

The chairman of the USPD (Independent Social Democrats), George Ledebour, speaks at a mass rally during the revolution in Berlin Lustgarten.

Proclamation of the Bavarian Republic, 1918

The message of the proclamation was stuck on the house walls of Munich on the night of 7 to 8 November, 1918 by members of the Arbeiter- und Soldatenrat (workers 'and soldiers' council).

The Hamburg Town Hall, 1919

View of the City Hall of Hamburg during the as part of the Suelzeunruhen (uprising).

Aid station of the Workers' and Soldiers' council in the Reichstag, 1918

German Revolution: In the reading room of the Reichstag the Berliner Workers' and Soldiers' Council has set up a provisions point.

Philipp Scheidemann proclaims the Republic, 1918

Philipp Scheidemann proclaims the Republic from the balcony of the Reichstag building.

Council of the People's Deputies, 1919

From left: Emil Barth (USPD), Otto Landsberg (SPD), Friedrich Ebert (SPD), Hugo Haase (USPD), Wilhelm Dittmann (USPD), Philipp Scheidemann (SPD). The Council of People's Deputies formed the transitional government from the Empire to the Weimar Republic.

Proclamation of the Republic, 1918

The Weimar Republic was proclaimed on 9 November 1918 before the Reichstag in Berlin.

Portrait of Philipp Scheidemann, 4 June 1910 (b/w photo)

Portrait of Philipp Scheidemann (1865-1939), second Chancellor in the Weimar Republic, Chancellor 13th Feb-20th Jun 1919, Scheidemann proclaimed the Weimar Republic on 9th November 1918, in the course of the November Revolution, Later he became a member of the council of the people's representatives and of the National Assembly, as well as Prime Minister of the Weimar coalition from February to June 1919, In 1933 Scheidemann went into exile,

Council of People's Deputies, 1919

From left: Dr. Otto Landsberg, Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann, Gustav Noske, Friedrich Ebert and Rudolf Wissel.

Speech of Philipp Scheidemann at the Reich Chancellery, 1918

The SPD politician Philipp Scheidemann speaks from a window of the Reich Chancellery to a protesting crowd.

Council of the People's Deputies, 1919

The Council of People's Deputies, this time with Gustav Noske and Rudolf Wissel (SPD). The three representatives of the USPD resigned earlier. From left: Otto Landsberg, Philipp Scheidemann, Gustav Noske, Friedrich Ebert and Rudolf Wissel.

The Cabinet of Scheidemann, 1919

The first cabinet meeting of the Scheidemann Cabinet on February 13, 1919. From left: Ulrich Rauscher, chief press officer, Robert Schmidt, Minister of Food, Eugen Schiffer, representative of the President and Minister of Finance, Philipp Scheidemann, President of the Reich Ministry, Otto Landsberg, Minister of Justice, Rudolf Wissell, Minister of Economics, Gustav Bauer, Minister of Labor, Ulrich Count v. Brockdorff-Rantzau, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Eduard David, minister without portfolio, Dr. Hugo Preuss, Minister of the Interior, Johann Giesberts, Postal Minister, Dr. Johannes Bell, Reich Colonial Secretary, Georg Gothein, Reich Treasurer, Gustav Noske, Minister of Defense.

Portrait of Philipp Scheidemann (1865-1939), second Chancellor in the Weimar Republic (b/w photo)

Philipp Scheidemann (1865-1939), second Chancellor in the Weimar Republic,